Delhi Worst in PM2.5 Pollution; 447 Districts Violate National Norms
A new satellite-based analysis has revealed alarming air quality levels across India, identifying Delhi as the most polluted region in terms of annual PM2.5 concentration. The study, conducted by the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA), examined air pollution data from March 2024 to February 2025 and highlights the severity of India’s pollution crisis.
According to the report, Delhi recorded an annual mean PM2.5 concentration of 101 μg/m³. This level is 2.5 times higher than the Indian national standard and an astounding 20 times above the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline. The findings reaffirm the national capital’s ongoing struggle with deteriorating air quality, driven by vehicular emissions, industrial pollution, dust, and seasonal biomass burning.
Chandigarh had the second-highest annual average PM2.5 level at 70 micrograms per cubic meter. Haryana followed closely with a level of 63 micrograms, and Tripura recorded 62 micrograms. Several other states also exceeded the national standard of 40 micrograms per cubic meter, including Assam (60), Bihar (59), West Bengal (57), Punjab (56), Meghalaya (53), and Nagaland (52).
The analysis further reported that a total of 447 districts across India violated national air quality standards. This widespread infringement indicates that air pollution is no longer confined to metropolitan areas but has become a national crisis. The findings highlight the urgent need for comprehensive action plans that address both local and regional sources of pollution.
Experts warn that long-term exposure to high PM2.5 levels increases the risk of respiratory diseases, cardiovascular illnesses, strokes, and premature death. The report emphasizes that India must accelerate policy implementation, strengthen monitoring systems, and adopt stricter emission control strategies across all sectors.
The study also suggests that improved satellite-based monitoring could help governments track pollution sources more accurately and implement targeted interventions. With winter months typically associated with a spike in pollution levels, especially in northern India, these findings come at a critical time as authorities work to mitigate seasonal pollution surges.
The report underscores the need for coordinated efforts between central and state governments to tackle one of India’s most pressing public health challenges. As the country continues to urbanize rapidly, ensuring clean air has emerged as an essential priority for protecting public health and promoting sustainable development.
