26 November Constitution Day: History, Significance, and Celebrations

Celebrating 75 Years of the Indian Constitution

Today, India commemorates Constitution Day (Samvidhan Divas), marking the adoption of the Indian Constitution on November 26, 1949. This day celebrates the monumental work of the Constituent Assembly and honors Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the principal architect of the Constitution. As Prime Minister Narendra Modi and other dignitaries participate in the celebrations, let’s delve into the history, significance, and the events planned for this milestone occasion.

The Historical Significance of Constitution Day

Constitution Day is celebrated annually on November 26 to pay tribute to the visionaries who framed the Indian Constitution. Initially observed as Law Day, it was officially declared Constitution Day in 2015 by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, coinciding with the 125th birth anniversary of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.

The Constitution of India, the largest written constitution in the world, was adopted on this day in 1949. It came into effect on January 26, 1950, when India became a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic.

The Role of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, known as the Father of the Indian Constitution, chaired the Drafting Committee. His efforts ensured that the Constitution encapsulates justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity while safeguarding the rights of every citizen.

Key Milestones in the Constitution’s Formation:

• 1935: The Government of India Act highlighted the need for a new constitutional framework.
• 1946: The Constituent Assembly was formed, chaired by Dr. Rajendra Prasad, with 389 members, including luminaries like Jawaharlal Nehru and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
• 1948: Dr. Ambedkar presented the draft Constitution, which was deliberated over 11 sessions before its adoption on November 26, 1949.

Why Constitution Day Matters

The day is a reminder to honor constitutional values and promote awareness about citizens’ rights and duties. The Preamble declares India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic, emphasizing:

• Justice in social, economic, and political realms.
• Liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith, and worship.
• Equality of status and opportunity.
• Fraternity to promote national unity.

Celebrations and Campaigns in 2024

Marking the 75th year of the Constitution, the Government launched the year-long campaign ‘Hamara Samvidhan, Hamara Swabhiman’ (Our Constitution, Our Pride). Events include:

• Samvidhan Yatra: A journey led by Union ministers to promote awareness about constitutional values.
• Supreme Court Ceremony: Prime Minister Modi will join the Constitution Day celebrations in the apex court.
• Parliament Address: President Droupadi Murmu will address a joint session of Parliament in the historic Central Hall.

Political Dynamics

Constitution Day also witnessed debates between the Government and Opposition over representation in the joint parliamentary session. Leaders of the INDIA bloc have requested the Lok Sabha Speaker to allow opposition voices during the event, highlighting the Constitution’s inclusive ethos.